Xie Jiyu, Sun Xinli, Wen Tao, Bai Yaoqiang, Qian Tong, Hu Shunjuan, Chen Lihao, Wang Pan, Miao Youzhi, Zhang Ruifu, Kovács Ákos T, Xu Zhihui, Shen Qirong
Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China.
Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 BE, The Netherlands.
ISME J. 2026 Jan 14;20(1). doi: 10.1093/ismejo/wraf283.
Bacteria-Fungi Interactions play a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling and plant disease suppression. Bacillus and Trichoderma exhibit antagonism when inoculated on laboratory media, global soil sample analysis reveals a positive correlation between these two genera in addition to enhanced plant-pathogen Fusarium oxysporum suppression and plant growth promotion. Here, we assess cross-kingdom interactions within artificial model communities of Bacillus velezensis and Trichoderma guizhouense. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that in the presence of fungi, the key stress sigma factor of B. velezensis activates expression of biosynthetic genes for antimicrobial secondary metabolite production. Among these, surfactin induces T22azaphilone production in T. guizhouense that hinders oxidative stress. Both surfactin and T22azaphilone contribute to Bacillus and Trichoderma maintenance in soil in the presence of F. oxysporum. Finally, F. oxysporum-secreted fusaric acid temporarily inhibits B. velezensis growth whereas it is efficiently degraded by T. guizhouense. These metabolite-mediated interactions reveal how competing soil microorganisms could form effective alliances that ultimately enhance plant protection against soil-borne pathogens.
细菌与真菌的相互作用在土壤养分循环和植物病害抑制中起着至关重要的作用。在实验室培养基上接种时，芽孢杆菌和木霉表现出拮抗作用，但全球土壤样本分析显示，除了增强对植物病原菌尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用和促进植物生长外，这两个属之间还存在正相关关系。在这里，我们评估了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和贵州木霉人工模型群落中的跨界相互作用。转录组分析表明，在有真菌存在的情况下，贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的关键应激σ因子会激活用于抗菌次生代谢产物生物合成基因的表达。其中，表面活性素会诱导贵州木霉产生T22氮杂环庚三烯酮，从而阻碍氧化应激。在尖孢镰刀菌存在的情况下，表面活性素和T22氮杂环庚三烯酮都有助于芽孢杆菌和木霉在土壤中生存。最后，尖孢镰刀菌分泌的镰刀酸会暂时抑制贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长，而贵州木霉能有效地降解它。这些代谢物介导的相互作用揭示了相互竞争的土壤微生物如何形成有效的联盟，最终增强植物对土传病原菌的抗性。
