Hökfelt T, Pernow B, Nilsson G, Wetterberg L, Goldstein M, Jeffcoate S L
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Feb;75(2):1013-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.2.1013.
The indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators was used to study the distribution of substance P-like and luliberin (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone)-like immunoreactivity in the eminentia mediana (eminentia medialis or infundibulum) of rats, monkeys, and human beings. In rats, abundant luliberin-positive fibers were present in the external layer (mainly lateral parts) whereas almost no substance P-immunoreactive nerves were observed in this region. In contrast, in the external layer of the primate eminentia medialis a dense plexus of substance P-positive nerve terminals was observed close to the blood vessels supplying the anterior pituitary gland. Luliberin-immunoreactive fibers were also present, but with a more even distribution all over the eminentia medialis and in lower numbers. The present findings indicate that substance P may play a role in the control of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary, either by being released into the portal vessels, i.e., acting as a releasing or inhibitory hormone, or by an action as local regulator (modulator or transmitter) at the level of the eminentia medialis. Thus, in agreement with many earlier studies, substances other than the "classical" releasing and inhibitory hormones may be important for the regulation of the pituitary gland. Furthermore, there may exist marked species differences with regard to the type of substances involved in the central control of the pituitary.
采用库恩斯及其合作者的间接免疫荧光技术，研究了大鼠、猴子和人类正中隆起（内侧隆起或漏斗）中P物质样和促黄体素释放激素（黄体生成素释放激素）样免疫反应性的分布。在大鼠中，外层（主要是外侧部分）存在大量促黄体素释放激素阳性纤维，而在该区域几乎未观察到P物质免疫反应性神经。相反，在灵长类动物内侧隆起的外层，靠近供应垂体前叶的血管处观察到密集的P物质阳性神经终末丛。促黄体素释放激素免疫反应性纤维也存在，但在内侧隆起上分布更均匀且数量较少。目前的研究结果表明，P物质可能通过释放到门静脉血管中，即作为释放或抑制激素起作用，或作为内侧隆起水平的局部调节因子（调节剂或递质），在垂体前叶激素分泌的控制中发挥作用。因此，与许多早期研究一致，除了“经典”的释放和抑制激素外，其他物质可能对垂体的调节也很重要。此外，在垂体中央控制所涉及的物质类型方面可能存在明显的物种差异。
