Širović Ana, Amorim M Clara P, Baumann-Pickering Simone, Kok Annebelle C M
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondhjem Biological Station, Bynesveien 46, 7018 Trondheim, Norway.
MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1149-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
J Exp Biol. 2026 Feb 15;229(Suppl_1). doi: 10.1242/jeb.250800. Epub 2026 Feb 11.
Many aquatic animals have a well-developed sense of hearing as sound is important for communication underwater. However, this trait leaves them susceptible to injury, and physiological and behavioral impacts from exposure to intense or persistent anthropogenic sounds. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the physiological effects of five main sources of anthropogenic sound: marine traffic, seismic exploration, pile driving, other industrial activity and sonar. Our understanding of impacts varies greatly by sound type and taxon, although the studied species do not represent the full taxonomic diversity. Exposure to ship sounds has been best studied in fish and it generally leads to responses along the stress response cascade, while few studies have been conducted on its physiological effect on invertebrates or marine mammals. Effects of exposure to seismic sound show mixed impact across taxa. Pile driving sounds have been shown in captive studies to result in hearing impairment in marine mammals and can cause injury to fishes. Lethal impacts have been documented from naval sonar on marine mammal species. Currently, physiological impacts from other industrial sound sources are poorly documented across taxa. Overall, given the limited number of species examined in sound impact experiments, it is crucial to establish categorizing principles and guidelines and modeled response pathways to improve management strategies, especially as new sound threats continue to emerge in our changing world.
许多水生动物具有发达的听觉，因为声音对于水下交流至关重要。然而，这一特性使它们容易受到伤害，以及暴露于强烈或持续的人为声音所带来的生理和行为影响。我们概述了关于五种主要人为声音来源（海上交通、地震勘探、打桩、其他工业活动和声纳）生理影响的当前知识状况。尽管所研究的物种并不代表全部的分类多样性，但我们对影响的理解因声音类型和分类单元的不同而有很大差异。对鱼类受船舶声音影响的研究最为充分，通常会引发应激反应级联反应，而对其对无脊椎动物或海洋哺乳动物生理影响的研究较少。暴露于地震声音的影响在不同分类单元中表现不一。圈养研究表明，打桩声音会导致海洋哺乳动物听力受损，并可能对鱼类造成伤害。已记录到海军声纳对海洋哺乳动物物种有致命影响。目前，关于其他工业声源的生理影响在不同分类单元中的记录较少。总体而言，鉴于声音影响实验中所研究的物种数量有限，至关重要的是建立分类原则和指导方针以及模拟的反应途径，以改进管理策略，特别是在我们不断变化的世界中，新的声音威胁持续出现的情况下。
