Pankovich A M
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978 Mar;60(2):221-9.
Study of thirty-six cases of fracture of the fibula at levels proximal to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis established that there are three types, distinguished by the direction of the fracture line, which are produced by different mechanisms: supination-external rotation, pronation-abduction, and pronation-external rotation. Advanced lesions that were seen were severe injuries of the ankle which included rupture of the deltoid ligament or fracture of the medial malleolus and complete diastasis of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in addition to the fracture of the fibula. Surgical treatment is necessary in most advanced lesions.
对36例胫腓下联合近侧水平腓骨骨折的研究表明，根据骨折线方向可分为三种类型，由不同机制产生：旋后-外旋型、旋前-外展型和旋前-外旋型。所见的晚期损伤为严重的踝关节损伤，除腓骨骨折外，还包括三角韧带断裂或内踝骨折以及胫腓下联合完全分离。大多数晚期损伤需要手术治疗。
