Lemarchand-Béraud T, Reymond M, Berthier C
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 1977;38(6):379-82.
Estrogens are supposed to be responsible for the increased sensitivity of the pituitary to LHRH and TRH observed in female in comparison to male adults. The influence of physiological and pharmacological variations of estrogens was studied throughout female life. Adolescents girls showed enhanced responses to both LHRH and TRH, as compared to cycling adult women. The adolescent pituitary seems to be particularly sensitive to the increasing estradiol secretion. Adult cycling women disclosed higher LH and FSH responses to LHRH during the periovulatory and luteal phases than during the follicular phase; prolactin response to TRH was enhanced only during the periovulatory phase while TSH response remained constant throughout the menstrual cycle. In adult women, sequential oral contraceptives increased LH, FSH and prolactin responses to LHRH and TRH while TSH response was unchanged. Combined contraceptives displayed an important inhibition of the LH, FSH and TSH responses but not of that of prolactin. The inhibitory effects on gonadotrophins and TSH may be due to the association of gestagens to estrogens. Postmenopausal women presented a TSH response to TRH similar to that found in male adults while prolactin response remained unchanged in spite of decreased basal values. The potentiatory effects of estrogens on the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH and TSH may be attributed either to an increased number or to an enhanced binding activity of the pituitary receptors to LHRH and TRH, as suggested by several experimental data.
雌激素被认为是导致女性垂体对促黄体生成素释放激素（LHRH）和促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）的敏感性高于成年男性的原因。研究了雌激素在女性整个生命周期中的生理和药理变化的影响。与成年育龄女性相比，青春期女孩对LHRH和TRH的反应增强。青春期垂体似乎对雌二醇分泌的增加特别敏感。成年育龄女性在排卵前期和黄体期对LHRH的促黄体生成素（LH）和促卵泡生成素（FSH）反应高于卵泡期；对TRH的催乳素反应仅在排卵前期增强，而促甲状腺激素（TSH）反应在整个月经周期中保持恒定。在成年女性中，序贯口服避孕药增加了LH、FSH和催乳素对LHRH和TRH的反应，而TSH反应不变。复方避孕药对LH、FSH和TSH反应有重要抑制作用，但对催乳素反应无抑制作用。对促性腺激素和TSH的抑制作用可能是由于孕激素与雌激素的联合作用。绝经后女性对TRH的TSH反应与成年男性相似，尽管基础值降低，但催乳素反应保持不变。正如一些实验数据所表明的，雌激素对垂体对LHRH和TSH反应性的增强作用可能归因于垂体受体对LHRH和TRH的数量增加或结合活性增强。
