Relaxation therapy, desensitization, and the treatment of anxiety-based disorders.

Evaluated systematic desensitization and relaxation training for the treatment of snake phobia and test anxiety as representatives of two classes of anxiety-based disorders. Treatment outcomes were assessed by examining situational and dispositional components of anxiety as related to these disorders and by behavioral measures of performance in relevant anxiety-provoking situations. Analyses of variance revealed that more pervasive anxiety reductions occurred for the more focalized animal phobia and that there was little difference in the effectiveness of desensitization and relaxation training. The generalizability of research findings based on the treatment of animal phobias was questioned, and the possible role of nonspecific factors in determining success was considered.