Lenn N J, Halfon N, Rakic P
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1978 Feb 20;152(3):273-89. doi: 10.1007/BF00350525.
The development of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) in primates was studied in rhesus monkey with 3H-thymidine autoradiographic, Nissl and Golgi methods and in humans in histological preparations from embryos and fetuses of different ages. Autoradiographic analysis demonstrated that the neurons of the monkey IPN underwent their final cell division between postconception day 36 (E36) and E42, which corresponds to Stages 17 through 21 of Hendrickx and Sawyer. Autoradiograms of monkeys sacrificed at various short intervals following exposure to a pulse of 3H-thymidine showed that IPN neurons were generated in the proximity of the ventricular surface near the confluence of the 3rd ventricle and cerebral aqueduct, migrated ventrally along the midline and then spread laterally after reaching the ventral midbrain, where IPN was first recognized at E45 (Stage 23). The distribution of successively generated neurons in autoradiograms revealed caudal to rostal and lateral to medial spatiotemporal gradients. Differentiation of IPN neuronal size and development of Nissl substance began in rhesus monkey only after postmitotic cells had reached their destination and seemed to be pronounced mainly through E104. However, growth of the dendrites and elaboration of their side branches as seen in Golgi impregnations progressed gradually from E81 to birth (E165) and perhaps even later. Analysis of histological preparations of a series of human embryos and fetuses was used to derive similar information indirectly, since the autoradiographic method cannot be applied to man. It was found that IPN neurons in human probably underwent their final division between Carnegie Stage 17 and 21. Similarly, as in monkey, postmitotic cells in human IPN displayed an inverted fountain pattern of cellular migration. IPN could first be delineated at Stage 23. There was evidence for both caudal to rostral and lateral to medial spatiotemporal gradients in the human, as in the monkey. Thus, in monkey and human, all IPN neurons are generated within the first quarter of intrauterine life and there is remarkable similarity in the timing, tempo and pattern of IPN neuronal differentiation in both species, indicating the validity of using nonhuman primates as an experimental model for understanding the development of this structure in man.
采用³H-胸腺嘧啶核苷放射自显影法、尼氏染色法和高尔基染色法，对恒河猴大脑脚间核（IPN）的发育进行了研究，并对不同年龄胚胎和胎儿的人体组织学标本进行了研究。放射自显影分析表明，恒河猴IPN的神经元在受精后第36天（E36）至E42天之间完成了最后一次细胞分裂，这相当于Hendrickx和Sawyer所定义的第17至21阶段。在接受³H-胸腺嘧啶核苷脉冲照射后的不同短时间间隔处死的恒河猴的放射自显影片显示，IPN神经元在第三脑室和中脑导水管汇合处附近的脑室表面附近产生，沿着中线向腹侧迁移，到达腹侧中脑后再向外侧扩散，在E45（第23阶段）首次识别出IPN。放射自显影片中相继产生的神经元的分布显示出从尾侧到吻侧以及从外侧到内侧的时空梯度。恒河猴IPN神经元大小的分化和尼氏物质的发育仅在有丝分裂后细胞到达目的地后才开始，并且似乎主要在E104之前明显。然而，从高尔基染色中可以看到，树突的生长及其侧支的细化从E81逐渐发展到出生（E165），甚至可能更晚。由于放射自显影法不能应用于人体，因此对一系列人类胚胎和胎儿的组织学标本进行分析以间接获得类似信息。研究发现，人类IPN神经元可能在卡内基第17至21阶段之间完成了最后一次分裂。同样，与恒河猴一样，人类IPN中有丝分裂后的细胞显示出细胞迁移的倒转喷泉模式。在第23阶段首次可以勾勒出IPN。与恒河猴一样，人类也有从尾侧到吻侧以及从外侧到内侧的时空梯度的证据。因此，在恒河猴和人类中，所有IPN神经元都是在子宫内生命的第一季度内产生的，并且这两个物种在IPN神经元分化的时间、节奏和模式上具有显著的相似性，这表明使用非人灵长类动物作为实验模型来理解该结构在人类中的发育是有效的。
