Regional diastolic mechanics of the left ventricle in the conscious dog.

In eight chronically instrumented conscious dogs, apical and middle left ventricular transverse diameters were measured with pulse-transit ultrasonic dimension transducers. Intracavitary apical and midventricular pressures and intrapleural pressure were measured with micromanometers. Both diameters were normalized as a percent extension from the dimension at zero transmural pressure, determined during a transient vena caval occlusion. During the rapid phase of diastolic filling, there was a 2--5 mmHg pressure gradient from the midventricle to the apex. During late rapid filling, the apical transmural pressure and diameter increased more rapidly and reached diastasis 17 +/- 4 ms earlier than the corresponding midventricular measurements (P less than 0.01). The static diastolic pressure-dimension characteristics at the apical and midventricular levels were not significantly different (P greater than 0.30). The dynamic diastolic pressure-dimension relationship was also similar at the two levels and could be represented by a model incorporating parallel viscous properties. Because of regional differences in pressures and dimensions, however, the dynamic relationship could not be modeled when pressure was compared to the dimension at a different level. Thus, diastolic pressures should be measured at the same level as dimensions when assessing left ventricular diastolic mechanics.