Jain Snigdha, Londono Francisco J, Segers Patrick, Gillebert Thierry C, De Buyzere Marc, Chirinos Julio A
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2016 Feb;13(1):37-46. doi: 10.1007/s11897-016-0281-0.
A deep phenotypic characterization of heart failure (HF) is important for a better understanding of its pathophysiology. In particular, novel noninvasive techniques for the characterization of functional abnormalities in HF with preserved ejection fraction are currently needed. While echocardiography is widely used to assess ventricular function, standard echocardiographic techniques provide a limited understanding of ventricular filling. The application of fluid dynamics theory, along with assessments of flow velocity fields in multiple dimensions in the ventricle, can be used to assess intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs), which in turn may provide valuable insights into ventricular diastolic and systolic function. Advances in imaging techniques now allow for accurate estimations of systolic and diastolic IVPGs, using noninvasive methods that are easily applicable in clinical research. In this review, we describe the basic concepts regarding intraventricular flow measurements and the derivation of IVPGs. We also review existing literature exploring the role of IVPGs in HF.
对心力衰竭（HF）进行深入的表型特征分析对于更好地理解其病理生理学很重要。特别是，目前需要新的非侵入性技术来表征射血分数保留的心力衰竭中的功能异常。虽然超声心动图被广泛用于评估心室功能，但标准超声心动图技术对心室充盈的了解有限。流体动力学理论的应用，以及对心室内多个维度流速场的评估，可用于评估心室内压力梯度（IVPG），这反过来可能为心室舒张和收缩功能提供有价值的见解。成像技术的进步现在允许使用易于应用于临床研究的非侵入性方法准确估计收缩期和舒张期IVPG。在这篇综述中，我们描述了关于心室内血流测量和IVPG推导的基本概念。我们还回顾了探索IVPG在HF中作用的现有文献。
