Howell N, Zuiches C A, Munkres K D
J Cell Biol. 1971 Sep;50(3):721-36. doi: 10.1083/jcb.50.3.721.
The isolation of a new class of mutants permitting facultative anaerobiosis in Neurospora crassa is described. Backcross analyses to the obligate aerobe prototroph (An(-)) indicate single nuclear gene inheritance (An(-)/An(+)). An(+) and An(-) are indistinguishable in morphology and growth rates under aerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth requires nutritional supplements that are dispensable for aerobic growth. Conidiogenesis, conidial germination, and vegetative growth rate are suppressed by anaerobiosis. An(+) mutants produce substantial quantities of ethanol under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobiosis and chloramphenicol both affect mitochondrial enzyme activity and morphology. Chloramphenicol inhibition leads to reduction in cytochrome oxidase and swollen mitochondria with few cristae. Anaerobiosis leads to reduction in both cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase activities, enlarged mitochondria with fewer cristae, enlarged nuclei, and other alterations in cellular morphology. The fine structure of anaerobically grown cells changes with the time of anaerobic growth. We conclude that either inhibition of mitochondrial membrane synthesis or inhibition of respiration might lead to the observed alterations in mitochondria.
本文描述了在粗糙脉孢菌中分离出一类新的允许兼性厌氧的突变体。与专性需氧原养型（An(-)）的回交分析表明是单细胞核基因遗传（An(-)/An(+)）。在有氧条件下，An(+)和An(-)在形态和生长速率上无法区分。厌氧生长需要有氧生长时可省去的营养补充剂。分生孢子形成、分生孢子萌发和营养生长速率会受到厌氧的抑制。An(+)突变体在厌氧条件下会产生大量乙醇。厌氧和氯霉素都会影响线粒体酶活性和形态。氯霉素抑制会导致细胞色素氧化酶减少以及线粒体肿胀且嵴少。厌氧会导致细胞色素氧化酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性都降低，线粒体增大且嵴减少，细胞核增大以及细胞形态的其他改变。厌氧生长细胞的精细结构会随厌氧生长时间而变化。我们得出结论，线粒体膜合成的抑制或呼吸的抑制都可能导致观察到的线粒体改变。
