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体外交感神经退变及平滑肌对去甲肾上腺素超敏反应的发展。

Degeneration of sympathetic nerves in vitro and development of smooth muscle supersensitivity to noradrenaline.

作者信息

Geffen L B, Hughes C C

出版信息

J Physiol. 1972 Feb;221(1):71-84. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009739.

DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009739
PMID:4335914
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1331320/
Abstract
  1. The sequence of events involved in degeneration of sympathetic nerve terminals has been studied in vitro in the expansor secundariorum muscle of the chicken.2. The muscle underwent a degeneration contraction due to abrupt release of noradrenaline stores from the nerves about 18 hr after isolation. The tension reached its peak within 6 hr at about 44% of the maximum tension developed to added noradrenaline.3. Responses to nerve stimulation were transiently potentiated by 35% on average just before the onset of the degeneration contraction and then failed abruptly.4. Degeneration release of noradrenaline was Ca(2+)-dependent. Development of the degeneration contraction was delayed by temporary withdrawal of Ca(2+) from the medium and was accelerated by a twofold increase in Ca(2+) concentration when applied at a critical period close to the onset.5. Neither continuous nerve stimulation nor alterations in the length of the nerve stump influenced the course of the degeneration contraction in vitro.6. When the muscle was left in situ after denervation, the degeneration contraction occurred between 2 and 3 days later depending on the length of the distal portion of nerve. Cutting the nerve supply 5 cm closer to the muscle in vivo hastened the loss of transmission and the onset of the degeneration contraction by 24-48 hr.7. Supersensitivity to noradrenaline occurred soon after the degeneration contraction but the full development of a sevenfold supersensitivity to noradrenaline, equivalent to that produced by cocaine, took up to 48 hr. No further increase in sensitivity to noradrenaline could be detected in vitro after chronic denervation in vivo for up to 30 days.8. It is concluded that the degeneration contraction and failure of transmission was precipitated by an abrupt increase in the Ca(2+) permeability of the axon causing discharge of transmitter from vesicles. This was probably the result of depletion of essential factors normally transported somatofugally in the axon at 1-2 mm/hr. The supersensitivity to noradrenaline that develops subsequently appears to be due to a loss of the uptake mechanism of the nerve terminals.
摘要

  1. 交感神经末梢变性所涉及的一系列事件已在鸡的第二扩展肌体外进行了研究。

  2. 分离后约18小时，由于神经中去甲肾上腺素储备的突然释放，肌肉发生了变性收缩。张力在6小时内达到峰值，约为添加去甲肾上腺素后产生的最大张力的44%。

  3. 在变性收缩开始前，对神经刺激的反应平均短暂增强35%，然后突然消失。

  4. 去甲肾上腺素的变性释放依赖于Ca(2+)。当在接近开始的关键时期从培养基中暂时去除Ca(2+)时，变性收缩的发展会延迟，而当Ca(2+)浓度增加两倍时，变性收缩会加速。

  5. 无论是持续的神经刺激还是神经残端长度的改变，在体外都不影响变性收缩的进程。

  6. 去神经后将肌肉留在原位，变性收缩在2至3天后发生，具体取决于神经远端部分的长度。在体内将神经供应切断得离肌肉更近5厘米，会使传递丧失和变性收缩的开始提前24至48小时。

  7. 变性收缩后不久对去甲肾上腺素出现超敏反应，但对去甲肾上腺素的七倍超敏反应完全发展，相当于可卡因产生的超敏反应，需要长达48小时。在体内慢性去神经长达30天后，在体外未检测到对去甲肾上腺素敏感性的进一步增加。

  8. 得出的结论是，轴突Ca(2+)通透性的突然增加导致递质从囊泡中释放，从而引发了变性收缩和传递失败。这可能是由于通常以1 - 2毫米/小时的速度向轴突逆向运输的必需因子耗竭所致。随后出现的对去甲肾上腺素的超敏反应似乎是由于神经末梢摄取机制的丧失。

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本文引用的文献

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The action of extracellular cations on the release of the sympathetic transmitter from peripheral nerves.细胞外阳离子对周围神经交感递质释放的作用。
J Physiol. 1967 Mar;189(1):85-99. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008156.
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Supersensitivity and subsensitivity to sympathomimetic amines.对拟交感胺的超敏反应和低敏反应。
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The role of calcium in the secretory response of the adrenal medulla to acetylcholine.钙在肾上腺髓质对乙酰胆碱分泌反应中的作用。
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Histochemical and fine structural aspects of the onset of denervation supersensitivity in the nictitating membrane of the spinal cat.脊髓猫瞬膜去神经超敏反应起始的组织化学和精细结构方面
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5
Time course of the development of supersensitivity to various amines in the nictitating membrane of the pithed cat after denervation or decentralization.去神经或中枢离断后，脊髓麻醉猫瞬膜对各种胺类超敏反应发展的时间进程。
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1967 Aug;157(2):255-73.
6
The transport of noradrenaline between two simultaneously performed ligations of the sciatic nerves of rat and cat.去甲肾上腺素在同时对大鼠和猫的坐骨神经进行两次结扎之间的转运。
Acta Physiol Scand. 1967 Mar;69(3):158-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03507.x.
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Release of noradrenaline by splenic nerve stimulation and its dependence on calcium.脾脏神经刺激引起去甲肾上腺素释放及其对钙的依赖性。
J Physiol. 1967 Jan;188(2):219-34. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008135.
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Mechanisms of supersensitivity and subsensitivity to sympathomimetic amines.对拟交感胺超敏和低敏的机制。
Pharmacol Rev. 1966 Mar;18(1):629-40.
9
The relation of retention of norepineephrine-H3 to the norepinephrine content of the nictitating membrane of the spinal cat during development of denervation supersensitivity.去神经超敏反应发展过程中，去甲肾上腺素-H3潴留与脊髓猫瞬膜去甲肾上腺素含量的关系。
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1966 Jan;151(1):87-94.
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The onset of denervation supersensitivity.去神经超敏反应的发作。
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1966 Jan;151(1):73-86.