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用于控制蝗虫的杀虫剂。

Pesticides for locust control.

作者信息

MacCuaig R D

出版信息

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1979 Nov 20;287(1022):447-55. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1979.0075.

Abstract

The factors influencing the choice of insecticides for locust control are effectiveness, safety in use, relative cost, and the formulations available. The relative importance of these factors varies with the scale of control. In small scale control by farmers safety and simplicity are paramount and a BHC dust is commonly used, but in large scale control operations by specialized organizations more toxic formulations ultra-low-volume (u.l.v.) concentrates and methods of application requiring considerable skills can be used. The remarkable effectiveness of dieldrin as a stomach poison appears to be due to its conversion to photodieldrin after application. Cases of poisoning following large scale control operations are rare, and fatalities in man unknown. Alternatives to organochlorine insecticides include fenitrothion, already recommended and used on a large scale against adults. Against nymphs the correct dosage of fenitrothion would cost nearly 11 times as much as that of dieldren. Recent experimental work with new insecticides has included safety tests with domestic animals and measurements of persistence. 1 microgram deposits of cyanofenphos, decamethrin and mecarphon, as well as of dieldrin and photodieldrin, on wheat seedlings left in the open under tropical conditions for two days, killed 80% or more first instar nymphs of the Desert Locust which fed on them.

摘要

影响选择用于控制蝗虫的杀虫剂的因素包括有效性、使用安全性、相对成本以及可获得的剂型。这些因素的相对重要性随控制规模的不同而变化。在农民进行的小规模控制中,安全性和简易性至关重要,通常使用六六六粉剂,但在专业组织进行的大规模控制行动中,可以使用毒性更强的剂型,即超低容量(u.l.v.)浓缩剂以及需要相当技巧的施用方法。狄氏剂作为胃毒剂具有显著效果,这似乎是由于施用后它会转化为光狄氏剂。大规模控制行动后发生中毒的情况很少见,尚无人类死亡的报道。有机氯杀虫剂的替代品包括杀螟硫磷,它已被推荐并大规模用于防治成虫。对于若虫,杀螟硫磷的正确用量成本几乎是狄氏剂的11倍。近期对新型杀虫剂的试验工作包括对家畜的安全性测试和持久性测量。在热带条件下露天放置两天的小麦幼苗上,每微克氰苯磷、溴氰菊酯、蝇毒磷以及狄氏剂和光狄氏剂的沉积量,能杀死80%或更多取食它们的沙漠蝗一龄若虫。

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