Lomer C J, Bateman R P, Johnson D L, Langewald J, Thomas M
Plant Health Management Division, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Benin.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2001;46:667-702. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.667.
Control of grasshoppers and locusts has traditionally relied on synthetic insecticides, and for emergency situations this is unlikely to change. However, a growing awareness of the environmental issues associated with acridid control as well as the high costs of emergency control are expanding the demand for biological control. In particular, preventive, integrated control strategies with early interventions will reduce the financial and environmental costs associated with large-scale plague treatments. The recent development of effective oil formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae spores in Africa, Australia, and Brazil opens new possibilities for environmentally safe control operations. Metarhizium biopesticide kills 70%-90% of treated locusts within 14-20 days, with no measurable impact on nontarget organisms. An integrated pest management strategy, with an emphasis on the use of Metarhizium, that incorporates rational use of chemical pesticides with biological options such as the microsporidian Nosema locustae and the hymenopteran egg parasitoids Scelio spp., has become a realistic option.
传统上，防治蝗虫一直依赖合成杀虫剂，在紧急情况下，这种情况不太可能改变。然而，人们越来越意识到与蝗虫防治相关的环境问题以及紧急防治的高昂成本，这使得对生物防治的需求不断增加。特别是，采用早期干预的预防性综合防治策略将降低与大规模蝗灾治理相关的经济和环境成本。最近在非洲、澳大利亚和巴西开发出了有效的绿僵菌孢子油制剂，为环境安全的防治行动开辟了新的可能性。绿僵菌生物农药在14至20天内可杀死70%-90%的受处理蝗虫，对非目标生物没有可测量的影响。一种综合虫害管理策略，强调使用绿僵菌，将化学农药的合理使用与诸如蝗虫微孢子虫和膜翅目卵寄生蜂斯氏卵蜂等生物防治手段相结合，已成为一种现实的选择。
