A regional survey of myelin development: some compositional and metabolic aspects.

A survey of differences in composition and metabolism of myelin from five areas of the central nervous system was made in brain and spinal cord slices of the rat from 20 days to 20 months postnatal age. Purified myelin from the forebrain areas showed a composition characteristic of immaturity longer than did myelin from the hindbrain and spinal cord. The trend of chemical maturity is in agreement with the anatomical observations that myelination begins in the hindbrain and proceeds rostrally. Myelin recovery per 100-mg slice increased continually from 20 days to 20 months of age, while the uptake of [1-(14)C]acetate into myelin lipid and of [1-(14)C]leucine into myelin protein decreased precipitously with age. Taking into account the continuous increase in myelin during maturation, a calculation was made of the total amount of incorporation of labeled material into lipids or proteins per 100-mg slice for each region at each age. The metabolic characteristics of myelin from the cerebral cortex (including the corpus callosum), the thalamic area, and the cerebellum were very similar, while myelin from brainstem and spinal cord was metabolically more active, especially at the early ages. Synthesis of lipid in the myelin sheath represents about 50% of the lipid synthesis of the whole brain and about 75% of that of the spinal cord. The proportion of myelin-related protein synthesis is much less, probably less than 10% of the protein synthesis occurring in whole brain and about 15% of that in the spinal cord except at early ages.