Leibowitz S F
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Oct;67(2):1063-70. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.1063.
The injection of adrenergic and adrenolytic drugs directly into the brain through permanently implanted cannulas has yielded results showing that food consumption in the rat is regulated by a hypothalamic alpha-adrenergic "hunger" system. and a hypothalamic beta-adrenergic "satiety" system. The rats' differential responses to alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic drugs injected into different hypothalamic sites indicate the following: (1) the lateral hypothalamic "feeding" center contains beta receptors, the activation of which produces satiation, presumably by inhibition of the lateral "feeding" cells; (2) the ventromedial hypothalamic "satiety" center contains alpha receptors, the activation of which produces eating, presumably by inhibition of the ventromedial "satiety" cells; and (3) the medio-lateral perifornical area of the hypothalamus contains both alpha and beta receptors, which lead to inhibition of the ventromedial or lateral hypothalamic centers respectively. It is suggested that the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus are connected by reciprocal circuits, so that activation of the ventromedial center results in stimulation of the lateral beta receptors which inhibit the lateral "feeding" cells, and activation of the lateral center results in stimulation of the ventromedial alpha receptors which inhibit the ventromedial "satiety" cells.
通过永久性植入的套管将肾上腺素能和肾上腺素能阻断药物直接注入大脑，结果表明大鼠的食物消耗受下丘脑α-肾上腺素能“饥饿”系统和下丘脑β-肾上腺素能“饱腹感”系统调节。大鼠对注入不同下丘脑部位的α-肾上腺素能和β-肾上腺素能药物的不同反应表明：（1）下丘脑外侧“进食”中枢含有β受体，其激活产生饱腹感，大概是通过抑制外侧“进食”细胞；（2）下丘脑腹内侧“饱腹感”中枢含有α受体，其激活产生进食行为，大概是通过抑制腹内侧“饱腹感”细胞；（3）下丘脑中间外侧穹窿周区同时含有α和β受体，分别导致对腹内侧或下丘脑外侧中枢的抑制。有人提出，下丘脑腹内侧和外侧通过相互连接的回路相连，因此腹内侧中枢的激活会刺激外侧β受体，从而抑制外侧“进食”细胞，而外侧中枢的激活会刺激腹内侧α受体，从而抑制腹内侧“饱腹感”细胞。
