Pierce C H, Risley T R
J Appl Behav Anal. 1974 Summer;7(2):207-15. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-207.
In most federal job training and employment programs, trainees' pay is not contingent on job performance, but upon physical presence. This study sought to increase the job performance of seven Neighborhood Youth Corps workers being paid an hourly wage for serving as aides in an urban recreation program. When thorough job descriptions and threatened termination of employment were insufficient to maintain adequate job performance, an attempt was made to make the hourly wage (required by the Neighborhood Youth Corps program) more contingent on job performance. When the number of hours credited the workers on their payroll sheets was proportional to their rating on a simple checklist of job performance, rather than to the number of hours they were present, their job performance was maintained at near-perfect levels. Although this simple semantic shift in emphasis-from "hours worked" to "hours worked"-was still interpreted as meeting the Neighborhood Youth Corps requirements for hourly pay, its behavioral effects were substantial. This simple procedure might be used in other training programs handicapped by hourly wage requirements.
在大多数联邦职业培训和就业项目中，受训者的薪酬并非取决于工作表现，而是取决于是否出勤。本研究旨在提高七名邻里青年团工作人员的工作表现，这些工作人员在一个城市娱乐项目中担任助手，按小时计酬。当详尽的工作描述和就业终止威胁不足以维持足够的工作表现时，研究人员尝试使（邻里青年团项目要求的）小时工资更取决于工作表现。当工人工资单上的计酬小时数与他们在一份简单工作表现清单上的评分成正比，而不是与他们出勤的小时数成正比时，他们的工作表现维持在近乎完美的水平。尽管这种从“工作小时数”到“工作小时数”的简单语义重点转移仍被解释为符合邻里青年团对小时工资的要求，但其行为效果却很显著。这个简单的程序可用于其他受小时工资要求限制的培训项目。
