Newman M G
Rev Infect Dis. 1979 Mar-Apr;1(2):313-24. doi: 10.1093/clinids/1.2.313.
Recent taxonomic and anatomical studies of dental plaque associated with periodontal health and disease have demonstrated that differences in the microbial populations in plaque may be responsible for the initiation and progression of disease. The consistent isolation of large numbers of anaerobic and capnophilic bacteria from the depths of periodontal lesions has suggested an important role for these organisms. Bacteria that have been isolated include Capnocytophaga (Bacteroides ochraceus), other species of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Selenomonas, spirochetes, Campylobacter, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Peptococcus, and other genera. The periodontopathic potential of oral strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus has been explored in a number of investigations because these organisms are consistently isolated from periodontal lesions. Studies of B. melaninogenicus have included purification of a capsular substance, characterization of the lipopolysaccharide and a variety of toxic substances and lytic enzymes, and ecologic aspects of its colonization. Understanding of the nature and pathogenic mechanisms of the oral microbiota may lead to control of this pandemic infection.
近期关于与牙周健康和疾病相关的牙菌斑的分类学及解剖学研究表明，菌斑中微生物种群的差异可能是疾病发生和发展的原因。从牙周病变深处持续分离出大量厌氧和嗜二氧化碳菌，这表明这些微生物具有重要作用。已分离出的细菌包括二氧化碳嗜纤维菌（赭色拟杆菌）、其他拟杆菌属物种、梭杆菌属、月形单胞菌属、螺旋体、弯曲杆菌属、韦荣球菌属、放线菌属、丙酸杆菌属、消化球菌属及其他属。由于这些微生物始终能从牙周病变中分离出来，因此许多研究探讨了产黑色素拟杆菌口腔菌株的牙周致病潜力。对产黑色素拟杆菌的研究包括荚膜物质的纯化、脂多糖及多种有毒物质和裂解酶的特性分析，以及其定植的生态学方面。了解口腔微生物群的性质和致病机制可能有助于控制这种大流行性感染。
