Newman M G
Rev Infect Dis. 1984 Mar-Apr;6 Suppl 1:S107-14. doi: 10.1093/clinids/6.supplement_1.s107.
Anaerobes make up a significant part of the oral and dental indigenous and pathogenic flora. Their role in periodontal disease, root canal infections, infections of the hard and soft oral tissue, as well as their importance as foci for disseminated infectious disease is well established. Despite the ubiquitous involvement of bacteria, significant progress in our understanding of specific microbial etiologies has occurred only in the past decade. Estimates of the number of species recovered from samples of subgingival plaque range from 250 to 400, a large portion made up by anaerobes. Common anaerobic isolates include Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Selenomonas, Eubacterium, Propionibacterium, and Treponema. Recently, several significant advances in our knowledge have set the stage for future research. First, circulating levels of hormones in pregnant women were shown to be stimulatory to Bacteroides species, which were associated with increased levels of gingival infection. Second, bacterial invasion of the soft and hard periodontal tissues has been documented in gingivitis, advanced periodontitis, and localized juvenile periodontitis. The frequency and identity of invading bacteria will determine the implications for diagnosis and treatment. Third, antibacterial "probes" aimed at anaerobic (and capnophilic) bacteria have had promising results in controlling and arresting oral, dental, and peridontal anaerobic infections.
厌氧菌是口腔和牙齿固有及致病菌群的重要组成部分。它们在牙周疾病、根管感染、口腔软硬组织感染中的作用，以及作为播散性传染病病灶的重要性已得到充分证实。尽管细菌广泛存在，但仅在过去十年里，我们对特定微生物病因的理解才取得了重大进展。从龈下菌斑样本中分离出的菌种数量估计在250至400种之间，其中很大一部分是厌氧菌。常见的厌氧分离菌包括梭杆菌属、拟杆菌属、放线菌属、消化球菌属、消化链球菌属、月形单胞菌属、真杆菌属、丙酸杆菌属和密螺旋体属。最近，我们在知识方面取得的几项重大进展为未来的研究奠定了基础。首先，研究表明孕妇体内激素的循环水平对拟杆菌属有刺激作用，这与牙龈感染水平的升高有关。其次，在牙龈炎、重度牙周炎和局限性青少年牙周炎中，已记录到细菌侵入牙周软硬组织。侵入细菌的频率和种类将决定对诊断和治疗的影响。第三，针对厌氧（和嗜二氧化碳菌）细菌的抗菌“探针”在控制和抑制口腔、牙齿及牙周厌氧感染方面取得了有前景的结果。
