用活的和灭活的乙型流感病毒疫苗对志愿者进行免疫后，鼻分泌物中抗体和免疫球蛋白的相继出现情况。

The sequential appearance of antibody and immunoglobins in nasal secretion after immunization of volunteers with live and inactivated influenza B virus vaccines.

作者信息

Downie J C

出版信息

J Hyg (Lond). 1973 Sep;71(3):433-45. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400046416.

DOI:10.1017/s0022172400046416

PMID:4518342

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2130575/

Abstract

The sequential development of the immune response in nasal washings was studied in 54 volunteers immunized with either attenuated or inactivated influenza B/Eng/13/65 virus vaccines.Eleven of the 15 volunteers given the inactivated vaccine by deep subcutaneous inoculation showed no rise in nasal wash protein or immunoglobins due to the immunization procedure nor was specific neutralizing antibody detected in their nasal washings after immunization. Neutralizing antibody was detected in nasal washings of three volunteers in this group who also showed a 20-fold or greater increase in serum haemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody after immunization and in one volunteer who had antibody present in pre-trial nasal washings.Eleven of 15 volunteers who were successfully infected by the live attenuated vaccine showed a characteristic rise in protein and IgA and IgG immunoglobin concentrations in nasal washings 5-14 days after the administration of the live virus vaccine. Neutralizing antibody was detected in the nasal washings of these 11 volunteers and appeared at the same time as or 1-2 days after the initial rise of protein and immunoglobin. Neutralizing antibody was also detected in the nasal washings of one other volunteer who did not show a rise in protein or immunoglobin concentration in nasal washings after immunization.IgA was detected (>/= 3 mg./100 ml.) in the majority (84%) of nasal wash specimens which had a protein concentration of 0.2 mg./ml. or greater while IgG was not detected (>/= 4.5 mg./100 ml.) until the protein concentration rose to 0.4 mg./ml. or greater. The geometric mean concentration for normal nasal wash protein in this study was 0.3 +/- 0.1 mg./ml.Regression analysis indicated that the concentrations of both IgA and IgG immunoglobins were directly proportional to the protein concentration in nasal washings but that this relationship varied considerably between individuals.Absorption studies indicated that neutralizing and haemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies in nasal secretion to influenza B/Eng/13/65 virus were predominantly associated with the IgA class of immunoglobin.

摘要

对54名接种减毒或灭活乙型流感病毒/英国/13/65株疫苗的志愿者鼻洗液中免疫反应的序贯发展进行了研究。15名通过深部皮下接种灭活疫苗的志愿者中，有11名由于免疫程序，鼻洗液蛋白或免疫球蛋白未升高，免疫后其鼻洗液中也未检测到特异性中和抗体。该组中有3名志愿者的鼻洗液中检测到中和抗体，他们在免疫后血清血凝素抑制抗体也升高了20倍或更多，还有1名志愿者在试验前的鼻洗液中就已存在抗体。15名成功接种减毒活疫苗的志愿者中，有11名在接种活病毒疫苗后5 - 14天，鼻洗液中的蛋白以及IgA和IgG免疫球蛋白浓度出现特征性升高。在这11名志愿者的鼻洗液中检测到中和抗体，其出现时间与蛋白和免疫球蛋白的最初升高同时或在其后1 - 2天。在另一名免疫后鼻洗液中蛋白或免疫球蛋白浓度未升高的志愿者的鼻洗液中也检测到了中和抗体。在大多数（84%）蛋白浓度为0.2 mg/ml或更高的鼻洗液标本中检测到了IgA（≥3 mg/100 ml），而直到蛋白浓度升至0.4 mg/ml或更高时才检测到IgG（≥4.5 mg/100 ml）。本研究中正常鼻洗液蛋白的几何平均浓度为0.3±0.1 mg/ml。回归分析表明，IgA和IgG免疫球蛋白的浓度与鼻洗液中的蛋白浓度成正比，但个体之间这种关系差异很大。吸收研究表明，鼻分泌物中针对乙型流感病毒/英国/13/65株的中和抗体和血凝素抑制抗体主要与IgA类免疫球蛋白相关。