Kang K Y, Bice D, D'Amato R, Ziskind M, Salvaggio J
Arch Environ Health. 1979 May-Jun;34(3):133-40. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1979.10667384.
Rabbit alveolar macrophages were exposed in culture medium to asbestos, beryllium sulfate, and beryllium oxide. The specific activities of the lysosomal hydrolases, acid phosphatase beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase plus the glycolytic enzyme, phosphohexose isomerase were determined in the medium, whole-cell homogenates, mitochondrial fractions, and supernatant. These hydrolases increased significantly in the medium but not in the mitochondrial fraction of cells exposed to dusts. Asbestos and beryllium sulfate were highly cytotoxic for alveolar macrophages in vitro and the data suggested that these agents were not associated with an increase in enzyme synthesis but rather a direct cytotoxic effect at the macrophage membrane level. For induction of enzyme release in vitro, a higher concentration of beryllium oxide was needed when compared with asbestos and beryllium sulfate. The cytotoxicity and enzyme release induced by these agents may represent an important nonspecific mechanism by which they induce inflammation and perhaps local proliferation of fibroblasts.
将兔肺泡巨噬细胞置于含有石棉、硫酸铍和氧化铍的培养基中培养。测定培养基、全细胞匀浆、线粒体组分和上清液中溶酶体水解酶（酸性磷酸酶、β - N - 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和β - 葡萄糖醛酸酶）以及糖酵解酶（磷酸己糖异构酶）的比活性。在接触粉尘的细胞的培养基中，这些水解酶显著增加，但在线粒体组分中未增加。石棉和硫酸铍在体外对肺泡巨噬细胞具有高度细胞毒性，数据表明这些物质与酶合成增加无关，而是在巨噬细胞膜水平具有直接细胞毒性作用。与石棉和硫酸铍相比，体外诱导酶释放需要更高浓度的氧化铍。这些物质诱导的细胞毒性和酶释放可能代表了它们诱导炎症以及可能诱导成纤维细胞局部增殖的重要非特异性机制。
