Farnebo L O, Hallman H, Hamberger B, Jonsson G
Circ Shock. 1979;6(2):109-18.
Catecholamines in plasma and tissue were determined during hemorrhagic shock in the rat. Two groups of rats were compared. 1. Awake rats bled to 70 mm Hg for 4 hours. 2. Anesthetized rats (pentobarbital sodium 60 mg/kg) bled to 35 mm Hg for 4 hours. The mortality rate was similar in both groups. The bled volume was also similar. The awake rats responded with tachycardia upon bleeding while the anesthetized rats responded with bradycardia. The basal plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and dopamine (DA) in the awake rats were 2.87, 4.09, and 0.51 nmol/l respectively and in the anesthetized rats 0.97, 0.54, and 0.56 nmol/l respectively. At the onset of bleeding there was a more rapid increase of plasma A and NA in the awake rats than in the anesthetized rats. In the awake rats plasma A reached its peak value (70 nmol/l) at 1 hour and then decreased, while NA showed a slow continuous rise to 17 nmol/l at 4 hours. In the anesthetized rats plasma A remained at a high level (about 60 nmol/l) between 1 and 4 hours, while there was a continuous rise of NA to 17 nmol/l at 4 hours. In these rats a very high DA level (17 nmol/l) was also found at 4 hours. The tissue content of NA was not significantly decreased in the heart while a significant decrease was seen in the skeletal muscle after bleeding for 4 hours. In the heart there was a substantial increase of A after bleeding. The A content of the adrenals decreased to about 25% of the initial value in the awake animals. The results show that barbiturate anesthesia considerably depresses the initial sympatho-adrenal response to bleeding.
在大鼠失血性休克期间测定了血浆和组织中的儿茶酚胺。比较了两组大鼠。1. 清醒大鼠放血至血压70 mmHg，持续4小时。2. 麻醉大鼠（戊巴比妥钠60 mg/kg）放血至血压35 mmHg，持续4小时。两组的死亡率相似。失血量也相似。清醒大鼠放血时出现心动过速，而麻醉大鼠则出现心动过缓。清醒大鼠去甲肾上腺素（NA）、肾上腺素（A）和多巴胺（DA）的基础血浆水平分别为2.87、4.09和0.51 nmol/l，麻醉大鼠分别为0.97、0.54和0.56 nmol/l。放血开始时，清醒大鼠血浆A和NA的升高比麻醉大鼠更快。清醒大鼠血浆A在1小时达到峰值（70 nmol/l），然后下降，而NA在4小时缓慢持续上升至17 nmol/l。麻醉大鼠血浆A在1至4小时之间保持在高水平（约60 nmol/l），而NA在4小时持续上升至17 nmol/l。在这些大鼠中，4小时时还发现了非常高的DA水平（17 nmol/l）。出血4小时后，心脏中NA的组织含量没有显著下降，而骨骼肌中则有显著下降。出血后心脏中A有大量增加。清醒动物肾上腺中A的含量降至初始值的约25%。结果表明，巴比妥类麻醉大大抑制了对出血的初始交感 - 肾上腺反应。
