Carroll W R, Carroll R W, Rogers C A
Percept Mot Skills. 1979 Apr;48(2):419-23. doi: 10.2466/pms.1979.48.2.419.
70 fourth-grade children were shown objects arbitrarily arranged in an integrated scene. Subjects were randomly assigned to conditions which either presented a sentence that correctly labeled and correctly described the physical arrangement of the objects, presented a sentence containing the correct labels of the objects but not the correct physical arrangement, or presented a sentence which did not contain the correct labels and incorrectly described the physical arrangement. Control conditions either provided subjects with correct labels or omitted presentation of verbal prompts. Congruence between the object display and the sentence produced significantly higher recall and clustering than the incongruence or control conditions. The incongruence conditions did not produce significantly higher recall than the control conditions, suggesting that incongruence interferes with formation of stable grouping of items which appears to be an important factor in facilitating free recall.
70名四年级儿童观看了在一个综合场景中随意摆放的物体。受试者被随机分配到不同条件下，这些条件分别呈现一个正确标注并正确描述物体物理排列的句子、一个包含物体正确标签但物理排列不正确的句子，或者一个既不包含正确标签又错误描述物理排列的句子。控制条件要么为受试者提供正确标签，要么不呈现言语提示。物体展示与句子之间的一致性比不一致或控制条件产生了显著更高的回忆和聚类效果。不一致条件下的回忆并没有显著高于控制条件，这表明不一致会干扰项目稳定分组的形成，而稳定分组似乎是促进自由回忆的一个重要因素。
