Lagergren H, Edhag O
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1979 Jun;27(3):164-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1096238.
Epicardial electrodes implanted in 20 patients between 1959 and 1962 had a short-term effectiveness. A change to endocardial stimulation was later necessary in 15 of these patients. Endocardial electrodes inserted between 1962 and 1967 in 306 patients were included in this study; 121 (40%) of these patients survived for 10 years or more. Seventy-five (62%) of the long-term survivors had no problems with their electrodes. In 39 of these patients the stimulation thresholds were measured after both 5 and 10 years and found to be 2.3 +/- 0.6 volts and 2.2 +/- 0.8 volts, respectively. Hence, long-term complication-free endocardial pacing can be accomplished.
1959年至1962年间，20名患者植入的心外膜电极具有短期有效性。后来，这些患者中有15名需要改为心内膜刺激。本研究纳入了1962年至1967年间306名患者插入的心内膜电极；其中121名（40%）患者存活了10年或更长时间。75名（62%）长期存活者的电极没有问题。在这些患者中的39名中，分别在5年和10年后测量了刺激阈值，发现分别为2.3±0.6伏和2.2±0.8伏。因此，可以实现长期无并发症的心内膜起搏。
