Aflatoxin B(1), administered in vivo, inhibits the incorporation of [(14)C]orotic acid in vivo into rat liver nuclei, and also inhibits both Mg(2+)- and Mn(2+)-dependent RNA polymerase activities in nuclei assayed in vitro. 2. Aflatoxin B(1) inhibits the cortisol-induced increase in incorporation of [(14)C]leucine in vivo, but does not affect the control value of this activity. 3. Aflatoxin B(1) administered in vivo inhibits the increase in nuclear Mg(2+)-dependent RNA polymerase activity, assayed in vitro, which results from the treatment with cortisol. 4. Adrenalectomy causes a decrease in Mg(2+)-dependent RNA polymerase activity. The effect on this enzymic activity of adrenalectomy plus treatment with aflatoxin B(1) is no greater than that of treatment with aflatoxin B(1) alone. 5. These results suggest that the inhibition of cortisol-stimulated biochemical pathways by aflatoxin B(1) is due to an inhibition of cortisol-stimulated RNA synthesis. 6. The cytoplasmic action of aflatoxin is thought to be due to a competition for receptor sites on the endoplasmic reticulum between steroid hormones and aflatoxin B(1). No evidence was obtained for a similar competition for nuclear receptor sites between [(3)H]cortisol and aflatoxin B(1). 7. No differences were observed between the activities of RNA polymerase preparations solubilized from control or aflatoxin-inhibited nuclei. 8. No differences in ;melting' profiles were observed between DNA and chromatin preparations isolated from control nuclei or from aflatoxin-inhibited nuclei. 9. It is suggested that aflatoxin B(1) exerts its effect on RNA polymerase by decreasing the template capacity of the chromatin and that the aflatoxin ;target' area of the chromatin includes that region which is stimulated by cortisol. This process, however, does not involve inhibiting the movement of cortisol from the outside of the hepatic cell to the nuclear chromatin.
