Tarter M E
Comput Programs Biomed. 1979 Jul;10(1):55-60. doi: 10.1016/0010-468x(79)90051-5.
Nonparametric estimates of joint, conditional and marginal probability densities can be used to estimate the relative probability of a data point's recurrence. Outlier, unusual or abnormal values of a random variate tend to be those which are unlikely to recur. As part of an interactive graphical system, a procedure has been implemented which enables a biomedical researcher to view both the estimated probability and the numerical value of a data point's coordinates. This display circumvents the problem of interpreting a normal range in two or more dimensions and can thus be more easily generalized than most alternative outlier detection procedures.
联合、条件和边际概率密度的非参数估计可用于估计数据点复发的相对概率。随机变量的异常值、不寻常值或异常值往往是那些不太可能再次出现的值。作为交互式图形系统的一部分，已实施了一种程序，使生物医学研究人员能够查看数据点坐标的估计概率和数值。这种显示方式避免了在二维或更多维度中解释正常范围的问题，因此比大多数其他异常值检测程序更容易推广。
