Schmeisser G, Seamone W
Johns Hopkins Med J. 1979 Sep;145(3):84-8.
A joystick is traditionally used to manipulate electrically powered wheelchairs and radio-controlled model aeroplanes. Extensive modifications of the joystick have resulted in the development of an inconspicuous chin-operated control; the latter enables quadriplegics with high-level spinal cord injuries to operate not only electric wheelchairs but also a complete range of other assistive devices, including robotic arm and environmental control systems currently under development. Through the use of the chin-operated control such quadriplegics can manipulate any of these devices or systems without the help of an attendant and without interfering with the use of a mouthstick.
传统上，操纵杆用于操控电动轮椅和无线电控制的模型飞机。对操纵杆进行的大量改进催生了一种不显眼的下巴操控装置；后者使患有高位脊髓损伤的四肢瘫痪者不仅能够操作电动轮椅，还能操作一系列其他辅助设备，包括目前正在研发的机械臂和环境控制系统。通过使用下巴操控装置，此类四肢瘫痪者无需护理人员协助，也不会干扰口棒的使用，就能操控这些设备或系统中的任何一种。
