Lees M M
Postgrad Med J. 1979 May;55(643):311-4. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.55.643.311.
Haemodynamic responses in normotensive pregnancy in the antenatal phase show that cardiac output is elevated by the end of the first trimester, and remains elevated throughout pregnancy, although it may fall very slightly at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy. Heart rate remains virtually static throughout pregnancy, although it may fall very slightly at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy. Arterial blood pressure remains virtually unaltered. During labour in patients with traditional anaesthesia, cardiac output is elevated by 40% overall at the end of the labour, and this rise may be as much as 60% in the immediate post-partum period. Patients with epidural analgesia show no overall rise in cardiac output throughout labour. Following Caesarean section there may be massive rises in cardiac output. In patients who become hypertensive as a result of pregnancy, there are marked individual patterns. These different groups show patients with elevated levels of cardiac output, patients with a pure elevation of systemic vascular resistance, and a third group in which there is elevation of both resistance and output. It seems certain that different syndromes are occurring, the theoretical explanations for which are discussed.
正常血压孕妇孕期的血流动力学反应显示，在孕早期结束时心输出量升高，且在整个孕期一直保持升高，尽管在妊娠晚期可能会略有下降。心率在整个孕期几乎保持不变，尽管在妊娠晚期可能会略有下降。动脉血压几乎没有变化。在接受传统麻醉的患者分娩期间，分娩结束时心输出量总体升高40%，在产后即刻这一升高幅度可能高达60%。接受硬膜外镇痛的患者在整个分娩过程中心输出量没有总体升高。剖宫产术后心输出量可能会大幅升高。在因妊娠而高血压的患者中，存在明显的个体模式。这些不同的组包括心输出量升高的患者、单纯体循环血管阻力升高的患者，以及阻力和输出量均升高的第三组患者。似乎肯定正在出现不同的综合征，并对其理论解释进行了讨论。
