Kato I, Sato Y, Aoyagi M, Mizukoshi K, Kimura Y, Koike Y, Hayano N
Acta Otolaryngol. 1979;88(1-2):97-104. doi: 10.3109/00016487909137145.
Fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus was studied in 1230 consecutive cases. An analysis of caloric nystagmus with failure of fixation-suppression (FFS) made it possible to classify patterns of FFS into three types: Type I: FFS was observed bilaterally in caloric nystagmus; Type II: FFS was recognized unilaterally on either side; Type III: FFS was seen in either direction of nystagmus. On the basis of these three types, the underlying neuroanatomical substrate responsible for FFS is discussed.