Jenkins H M, Moore B R
J Exp Anal Behav. 1973 Sep;20(2):163-81. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1973.20-163.
The relation between the form of auto-shaped responses to the lighting of a key and the consummatory responses of pecking grain and drinking water was examined in pigeons. Responses on the key were analyzed by means of high-speed photography, recordings of the force of contact, and judges' ratings of response-form based on film and videotape recordings. The first experiment showed that food-deprived birds presented grain as a reinforcer responded on the key with a grain-pecking movement, while water-deprived birds presented water as a reinforcer responded with drinking-like movements. The second and third experiments showed that the resemblance between auto-shaped and consummatory responses does not require the dominance of the deprivational state appropriate to the reinforcer. Changing the dominant state of deprivation did not immediately change the form of the key response, and in subjects simultaneously deprived of food and water, the form of response depended on the reinforcer. In the fourth and fifth experiments, subjects simultaneously deprived of food and water received one stimulus signalling food and another signalling water in a random series. In most subjects, the response to each stimulus resembled the consummatory response to the particular reinforcer that was signalled by the stimulus. This result demonstrates the role of association between a stimulus and a reinforcer in producing a resemblance of the auto-shaped response to the consummatory response.
研究了鸽子对按键亮起的自动塑造反应形式与啄食谷物和饮水等 consummatory 反应之间的关系。通过高速摄影、接触力记录以及基于胶片和录像带记录的反应形式评判来分析按键反应。第一个实验表明，以谷物为强化物的食物剥夺鸟类会以啄食谷物的动作对按键做出反应，而以水为强化物的水剥夺鸟类会以类似饮水的动作做出反应。第二个和第三个实验表明，自动塑造反应与 consummatory 反应之间的相似性并不需要与强化物相适应的剥夺状态占主导。改变主导的剥夺状态并不会立即改变按键反应的形式，并且在同时被剥夺食物和水的实验对象中，反应形式取决于强化物。在第四个和第五个实验中，同时被剥夺食物和水的实验对象以随机顺序接受一种表示食物的刺激和另一种表示水的刺激。在大多数实验对象中，对每种刺激的反应类似于对该刺激所表示的特定强化物的 consummatory 反应。这一结果证明了刺激与强化物之间的关联在使自动塑造反应类似于 consummatory 反应方面所起的作用。
