Foree D D, Moretz F H, McMillan D E
J Exp Anal Behav. 1973 Sep;20(2):291-300. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1973.20-291.
The effects of d-amphetamine on punished responding were studied in two experiments. In Experiment I, pigeons responded under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 response fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food presentation with 60-sec limited holds in both components. Each response was punished with electric shock, the intensity of which was varied systematically. In Experiment II, another group of pigeons responded under a multiple fixed-interval 5-min fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food presentation with 40-sec limited holds. Each response was punished with shock during one component, and every thirtieth response was punished in the other component. d-Amphetamine increased overall rates of punished responding only rarely under any of the punishment conditions; however, response rates within the fixed-interval when rates were low were increased by d-amphetamine when the shock intensity was low (Experiment I), or when responses produced shock intermittently (Experiment II). The data suggest that the effects of d-amphetamine on punished responding depend on the control rate of responding, the punishment intensity, the punishment frequency, and the schedule of food presentation.
在两项实验中研究了右旋苯丙胺对受惩罚反应的影响。在实验I中，鸽子在食物呈现的多重固定比率30反应固定间隔5分钟的程序下做出反应，两个成分中均有60秒的有限保持时间。每次反应都受到电击惩罚，电击强度系统变化。在实验II中，另一组鸽子在食物呈现的多重固定间隔5分钟固定间隔5分钟的程序下做出反应，有40秒的有限保持时间。在一个成分中每次反应都受到电击惩罚，在另一个成分中每第三十次反应受到惩罚。在任何惩罚条件下，右旋苯丙胺仅很少增加受惩罚反应的总体速率；然而，当电击强度较低时（实验I），或者当反应间歇性产生电击时（实验II），右旋苯丙胺会增加固定间隔内反应速率较低时的反应速率。数据表明，右旋苯丙胺对受惩罚反应的影响取决于反应的控制速率、惩罚强度、惩罚频率和食物呈现程序。
