Langevin R, Paitich D, Ramsay G, Anderson C, Kamrad J, Pope S, Geller G, Pearl L, Newman S
Arch Sex Behav. 1979 Jul;8(4):307-31. doi: 10.1007/BF01541876.
Several studies are reported which examine the critical stimuli and responses as well as personality factors important in genital exhibitionism. Using penile volume measurement, sex history questionnaires, personality tests, and behavioral observations, it was found that (1) exhibitionists responded most to mature females and were comparable to normals in reactions to children and men; (2) while exhibitionists indicated narcissistic desires in exposing, in a laboratory study they did not differ from controls in reactions to exposing with various reactions of the female, from sexual arousal and admiration to fear and anger; (3) the only strong features distinguishing exhibitionists from controls and other sexually anomalous subjects were peeping associated with orgasm and outdoor solitary masturbation; (4) exhibitionists seemed to be less assertive and less feminine than controls, but results were weak and inconsistent; (5) exhibitionists and controls did not differ in separation and divorce or marital satisfaction; (6) blood testosterone and penile reactivity of exhibitionists were within normal limits. Overall, the results suggest that most major theories of genital exhibitionism are wanting. It is suggested that narcissism and pedophilia be examined further in connection with exhibitionism.
有几项研究报告了对露阴癖中重要的关键刺激、反应以及人格因素的考察。通过阴茎体积测量、性史问卷、人格测试和行为观察发现：（1）露阴癖者对成年女性反应最为强烈，对儿童和男性的反应与正常人相当；（2）虽然露阴癖者在暴露时有自恋欲望，但在一项实验室研究中，当女性有从性唤起和赞赏到恐惧和愤怒等各种反应时，他们在暴露反应上与对照组并无差异；（3）将露阴癖者与对照组及其他性变态者区分开来的唯一显著特征是与性高潮相关的窥视行为和户外单独手淫；（4）露阴癖者似乎比对照组更缺乏主见且更缺乏女性气质，但结果不明显且不一致；（5）露阴癖者与对照组在分居、离婚或婚姻满意度方面没有差异；（6）露阴癖者的血液睾酮水平和阴茎反应性在正常范围内。总体而言，结果表明露阴癖的大多数主要理论都存在不足。建议进一步结合露阴癖来研究自恋和恋童癖。
