Multiple myeloma resistant to melphalan: treatment with cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and BCNU.

Eighty-nine patients with multiple myeloma resistant to melphalan were randomized to receive cyclophosphamide plus prednisone (CP) (47 patients) or cyclophosphamide plus BCNU plus prednisone (CBP) (42 patients). No differences were detected in the two groups prior to therapy. Objective responses occurred in three (7%) of the CP patients and in seven (17%) of the CBP patients. About 40% of the patients in each group achieved some response. Toxic reactions consisted mainly of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Median survival was not different in the two groups. The median survival time was 31 months among those patients with an objective response and 9.4 months among those without an objective response. The addition of BCNU to CP increased the frequency of objective response, but not significantly. This triple combination (CBP) cannot be recommended.