Martens M, Van Audekercke R, Mulier J C, Stuyck J
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979 Jun(141):199-202.
A clinical study on the results of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures treated by multiple Knowles pinning was undertaken and correlated with the results of an experimental study. Experimentally, failures were produced by downwards migration of the Knowles pins. This phenomenon accounts for the settling of the femoral head on the neck and the frequency of non-union or malunion in patients with subcapital fractures. The type of fracture, type of reduction and age correlate with failure rate. This has to be explained by biomechanical considerations based upon the mode of failure of the internal fixation. A Garden stage III and IV, a varus or anatomical reduction of the fracture and an old age predispose to failure of the internal fixation and consequent non-union.
对采用多根诺尔斯针内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的结果进行了一项临床研究，并与一项实验研究的结果进行了关联。在实验中，诺尔斯针向下移位导致了失败。这种现象解释了股骨头在股骨颈上的下沉以及头下型骨折患者不愈合或畸形愈合的发生率。骨折类型、复位类型和年龄与失败率相关。这必须基于内固定失败模式的生物力学因素来解释。Garden III期和IV期、骨折的内翻或解剖复位以及老年易导致内固定失败及随之而来的不愈合。
