Chartier G M, Ainley C
J Psychol. 1979 Jul;102(2d Half):205-10. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1979.9923489.
Hypotheses derived from an earlier study were tested in experimental dyads with 32 adult chronic psychotic state hospital residents of both sexes. Patients either interacted with an adult model who was noncontingently warm and rewarding, or were not exposed initially to a model. In a second phase, the model displayed task responses and novel behaviors incidental to the task, and the patient's subsequent imitation of the model under minimal demand conditions was recorded. In a third phase, the model again displayed the same behaviors, whereupon half the patients in each group were subjected to moderate (explicit verbal request) or high (verbal request plus material rewards) incentives to imitate. Under strong incentive conditions, initial differences between groups on incidental imitation vanished, indicating that a previously positive relationship with a model facilitates imitative performance but not learning.
从早期一项研究中得出的假设，在由32名成年男女慢性精神病住院患者组成的实验性二元组中进行了测试。患者要么与一位无差别热情且给予奖励的成年榜样互动，要么最初不接触榜样。在第二阶段，榜样展示任务反应和与任务相关的新行为，并记录患者在最低要求条件下随后对榜样的模仿情况。在第三阶段，榜样再次展示相同行为，随后每组中有一半患者受到适度（明确的口头请求）或高度（口头请求加物质奖励）的模仿激励。在强烈激励条件下，各小组在附带模仿方面的初始差异消失了，这表明先前与榜样的积极关系有助于模仿表现，但无助于学习。
