Sperling M A, DeLamater P V, Phelps D, Fiser R H, Oh W, Fisher D A
J Clin Invest. 1974 Apr;53(4):1159-66. doi: 10.1172/JCI107654.
The extent and significance of spontaneous glucagon secretion in the immediate postnatal period were investigated in groups of normal infants studied cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Arginine-and alanine-stimulated glucagon secretion was also studied. Plasma glucagon concentrations were correlated with prevailing glucose and insulin concentrations. The characteristic fall in blood glucose, reaching a nadir within hours of birth, was associated with a significant increase in glucagon concentration. Despite persistence of relative glucopenia, glucagon did not change appreciably between 2 and 24 h of life. A further significant elevation in glucagon concentration occurred from day 1 to day 3 of life associated with a return of glucose to euglycemic levels. In contrast to the sluggishness of pancreatic glucagon release, glucagon-like immunoreactivity rose markedly to mean levels of approximately 2,000 pg/ml after introduction of formula feeding. No significant changes in insulin levels were observed in these studies. Arginine infusion via an umbilical vein catheter into six infants within 6 h of birth elicited a brisk, almost threefold increment in glucagon concentration (from 339+/-85 to 940+/-254 pg/ml) in blood obtained from, or close to, the portal circulation. Bolus injection of alanine (1 mmol/kg) into a peripheral vein to six infants resulted in significant increments in glucagon (mean maximal, 128 pg/ml) as well as glucose and insulin. The observations suggest that spontaneous glucagon secretion may be an important factor in neonatal glucose homeostasis. Secretion seems more brisk in response to amino acid stimulation than to a falling glucose concentration.
通过横断面和纵向研究正常婴儿组，调查了出生后即刻自发性胰高血糖素分泌的程度和意义。还研究了精氨酸和丙氨酸刺激后的胰高血糖素分泌情况。血浆胰高血糖素浓度与当时的血糖和胰岛素浓度相关。出生后数小时内血糖特征性下降至最低点，这与胰高血糖素浓度显著升高有关。尽管相对低血糖持续存在，但出生后2至24小时内胰高血糖素没有明显变化。出生后第1天至第3天，胰高血糖素浓度进一步显著升高，同时血糖恢复到正常血糖水平。与胰腺胰高血糖素释放的迟缓不同，引入配方奶喂养后，胰高血糖素样免疫反应性显著上升至平均约2000 pg/ml的水平。这些研究中未观察到胰岛素水平有显著变化。出生后6小时内，通过脐静脉导管向6名婴儿输注精氨酸，导致从门静脉循环或其附近获取的血液中胰高血糖素浓度迅速升高近三倍（从339±85 pg/ml升至940±254 pg/ml）。向6名婴儿外周静脉推注丙氨酸（1 mmol/kg）导致胰高血糖素（平均最大升高128 pg/ml）以及葡萄糖和胰岛素显著升高。这些观察结果表明，自发性胰高血糖素分泌可能是新生儿葡萄糖稳态的一个重要因素。对氨基酸刺激的分泌反应似乎比对血糖浓度下降的反应更活跃。
