Tucker L, Tangedahl T N
Postgrad Med. 1979 Oct;66(4):179-80, 183-4. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1979.11715280.
In some patients, gallstones are asymptomatic, lying dormant in the gallbladder or wedged in the cystic duct. In others, stones cause specific symptoms of gallbladder disease, such as biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, or cholangitis. Symptoms of flatulent dyspepsia are not markers of gallstone disease, since they occur equally in those with and without gallstones. Complications of gallstone disease include pancreatitis, biliary-enteric fistulas, hydrops, limy bile, porcelain gallsbladder, and carcinoma of the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy is indicated for symptomatic gallstones; for suspected stones in diabetics, who are at high risk should complications of gallstone disease occur; and in a few other limited situations. Prophylactic cholecystectomy for asymptomatic gallstones remains controversial.
在一些患者中，胆结石没有症状，蛰伏于胆囊内或嵌顿在胆囊管中。在另一些患者中，结石会引发胆囊疾病的特定症状，如胆绞痛、急性胆囊炎或胆管炎。肠胃气胀性消化不良的症状并非胆结石疾病的标志，因为无论有无胆结石，这些症状出现的几率相同。胆结石疾病的并发症包括胰腺炎、胆肠瘘、胆囊积水、石灰样胆汁、瓷性胆囊和胆囊癌。有症状的胆结石患者、糖尿病患者中疑似有结石（如果发生胆结石疾病并发症风险较高）以及其他一些有限的情况下，需要进行胆囊切除术。对于无症状胆结石进行预防性胆囊切除术仍存在争议。
