Koppisetti Sreedevi, Jenigiri Bharat, Terron M Pilar, Tengattini Sandra, Tamura Hiroshi, Flores Luis J, Tan Dun-Xian, Reiter Russel J
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Oct;53(10):2592-603. doi: 10.1007/s10620-007-0195-5. Epub 2008 Mar 13.
Free radical-mediated damage of the gall bladder epithelium predisposes to the development of both gall bladder inflammation and gallstone formation, which often coexist. Melatonin, a pineal and gut secretory product, due to its antioxidant activity along with its effect on the aging gall bladder myocytes, inhibits gallstone formation. Melatonin reduces the biliary levels of cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption across the intestinal epithelium and by increasing the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. The incidence of gallstones is increasing and is expected to rise dramatically with the increase in the longevity and the risk factors such as obesity. The change in the prevalence of cholelithiasis is associated with a proportionate rise in the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. In an attempt to improve the quality of life of the rapidly increasing aging population, this article reviews up-to-date information on the pathophysiology of the gall bladder function and discusses the development of new therapies with potential good patient compliance and lower cost than the current treatments.
自由基介导的胆囊上皮损伤易引发胆囊炎和胆结石形成，这两者常同时存在。褪黑素是松果体和肠道分泌的一种产物，因其抗氧化活性以及对衰老胆囊肌细胞的作用，可抑制胆结石形成。褪黑素通过抑制肠道上皮对胆固醇的吸收以及增加胆固醇向胆汁酸的转化，降低胆汁中的胆固醇水平。胆结石的发病率正在上升，预计随着寿命延长和肥胖等危险因素的增加，其发病率将大幅上升。胆石症患病率的变化与胆管癌发病率的相应上升相关。为了提高迅速增长的老年人口的生活质量，本文综述了胆囊功能病理生理学的最新信息，并讨论了具有潜在良好患者依从性且成本低于现有治疗方法的新疗法的开发。
