Babaian R J, Johnson D E
South Med J. 1979 Oct;72(10):1254-8. doi: 10.1097/00007611-197910000-00012.
Transposition of the inferior vena cava, duplication of the inferior vena cava, circumaortic renal collar, and retroaortic renal vein constitute the four most common major venous anomalies occurring in the retroperitoneum. Recent clinical cases are presented to review the embryogenesis, incidence, and clinical importance of these anomalies and to alert the unfamiliar surgeon to their possible existence. A high index of suspicion on the part of the surgeon is required to prevent inadvertent injury to these anomalous veins and to avoid significant hemorrhage during retroperitoneal surgery.
下腔静脉移位、下腔静脉重复、主动脉周围肾静脉环和主动脉后肾静脉构成了腹膜后最常见的四种主要静脉异常。本文通过近期临床病例来回顾这些异常的胚胎发生、发生率及临床重要性，并提醒不熟悉的外科医生注意它们可能存在。外科医生需要保持高度的怀疑指数，以防止在腹膜后手术中意外损伤这些异常静脉并避免大出血。
