Young R J
Br J Sports Med. 1979 Sep;13(3):110-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.13.3.110.
The effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning and personality was investigated in 32 subjects representing 4 discrete groups based on sex and age. Before and after a 10 week exercise programme of jogging, calisthenics, and recreational activities, a test battery was administered to assess functioning in a number of domains: intelligence (WAIS Digit Symbol and Block Design); brain function (Trail-Making); speed of performance (Crossing-Off); memory and learning (WMS Visual Reproduction and Associate Learning); morale and life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction and Control Ratings); anxiety (MAACL); and depression (MAACL). Improvement was observed on several physiological parameters. ANOVA revealed significant sex and age differences on Digit Symbol and Block Design and age differences on Trail-Making, Crossing-Off, Associate Learning, and anxiety. Regardless of sex and age, significant improvement in performance was observed from pre to post-test on Digit Symbol, Block Design, Trail-Making, Crossing-Off, and on Associate Learning. In addition, an increase on health status rating (p less than .01) and decrease in anxiety were observed from pre to post-test. These data illustrate beneficial effects of exercise on certain measures of cognitive functioning and personality.
基于性别和年龄，对32名受试者（分为4个不同组）进行了规律运动对认知功能和人格影响的研究。在为期10周的慢跑、健美操和娱乐活动锻炼计划前后，进行了一系列测试，以评估多个领域的功能：智力（韦氏成人智力量表数字符号和积木图案）；脑功能（连线测验）；执行速度（划消测验）；记忆与学习（韦氏记忆量表视觉再现和联想学习）；士气和生活满意度（生活满意度和控制评分）；焦虑（多项情感状态问卷）；以及抑郁（多项情感状态问卷）。观察到几个生理参数有所改善。方差分析显示，在数字符号和积木图案测试中存在显著的性别和年龄差异，在连线测验、划消测验、联想学习和焦虑测试中存在年龄差异。无论性别和年龄如何，从测试前到测试后，在数字符号、积木图案、连线测验、划消测验和联想学习方面均观察到表现有显著改善。此外，从测试前到测试后，健康状况评分有所提高（p小于0.01），焦虑有所降低。这些数据表明运动对认知功能和人格的某些指标具有有益影响。
