Förster H
Fortschr Med. 1979 Aug 23;97(32):1339-44.
The different dietetic measures for weight reduction are described. According to the existing overweight the therapeutic measures are classified in four steps. In the first step, with low overweight, the energy-containing drinks (soft drinks and alcoholic beverages) are avoided. If the overweight is greater an additional reduction of the energy content of meal is required. A real reduction-diet (less than 1.000 Kcal/day or 4.200 KJ/day) demands extensive knowledge of food composition and greater efforts in meal composition. The availability of formula diets is considered as a relief. During starvation (or total fasting) as the step 4 of weight reduction diet, an extreme metabolic alteration takes place, which is characterized by ketosis. The same metabolic alteration is found by a fat-protein-diet (a so-called ketogenic diet), where hypercholesterolemia and hyperuricemia are common side effects. The carbohydrate-protein weight reduction diet is poor in health risks. Furthermore the normal metabolic pattern is maintained during this kind of diet if enough carbohydrates are provided per day (i.e. 80-100 g/day).
本文描述了不同的减肥饮食措施。根据现有的超重情况，治疗措施分为四个阶段。在第一阶段，超重程度较轻时，应避免饮用含能量饮料（软饮料和酒精饮料）。如果超重情况更严重，则需要进一步减少每餐的能量摄入。真正的低热量饮食（每天少于1000千卡或4200千焦）需要对食物成分有广泛的了解，并且在膳食构成方面需要付出更多努力。配方饮食的可用性被认为是一种缓解方法。在减肥饮食的第四阶段，即饥饿（或完全禁食）期间，会发生极端的代谢改变，其特征是酮症。在脂肪 - 蛋白质饮食（所谓的生酮饮食）中也会发现相同的代谢改变，高胆固醇血症和高尿酸血症是常见的副作用。碳水化合物 - 蛋白质减肥饮食的健康风险较低。此外，如果每天提供足够的碳水化合物（即每天80 - 100克），在这种饮食期间可以维持正常的代谢模式。
