Port R F, Rotunno R
J Acoust Soc Am. 1979 Sep;66(3):654-62. doi: 10.1121/1.383692.
As part of an investigation of the temporal implementation rules of English, measurements were made of voice-onset time for initial English stops and the duration of the following voiced vowel in monosyllabic words for New York City speakers. It was found that the VOT of a word-initial consonant was longer before a voiceless final cluster than before a single nasal, and longer before tense vowels than lax vowels. The vowels were also longer in environments where VOT was longer, but VOT did not maintain a constant ratio with the vowel duration, even for a single place of articulation. VOT was changed by a smaller proportion than the following voiced vowel in both cases. VOT changes associated with the vowel were consistent across place of articulation of the stop. In the final experiment, when vowel tensity and final consonant effects were combined, it was found that the proportion of vowel duration change that carried over to the preceding VOT is different for the two phonetic changes. These results imply that temporal implementation rules simultaneously influence several acoustic intervals including both VOT and the "inherent" interval corresponding to a segment, either by independent control of the relevant articulatory variables or by some unknown common mechanism.
作为对英语时间性发音规则研究的一部分，针对纽约市的讲英语者，测量了单音节词中英语词首塞音的除阻时间以及后续浊元音的时长。研究发现，词首辅音在清辅音结尾的音节群之前的除阻时间，比在单个鼻音之前更长；在紧元音之前的除阻时间，比在松元音之前更长。在除阻时间更长的环境中，元音时长也更长，但即使对于单个发音部位，除阻时间与元音时长也没有保持恒定的比例。在这两种情况下，除阻时间的变化比例都小于后续浊元音。与元音相关的除阻时间变化在塞音的发音部位上是一致的。在最后一个实验中，当结合元音松紧度和词尾辅音的影响时，发现对于这两种语音变化，传递到前一个除阻时间的元音时长变化比例是不同的。这些结果表明，时间性发音规则通过对相关发音变量的独立控制，或者通过某种未知的共同机制，同时影响包括除阻时间和与一个音段相对应的“固有”时长在内的几个声学时长。
