De Renzi E, Faglioni P, Scotti G
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1971 Oct;34(5):489-95. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.34.5.489.
Thirty control and 121 brain-damaged patients with injury restricted to one hemisphere were presented with a test requiring the placing of a rod, fixed on a support by a hinged joint, in the same position as a model. Two versions of the test were given, one to be performed with the aid of vision and the other only by touch. The brain-damaged patients were subdivided into the following groups: right hemisphere patients without visual field defect (VFD): 30; right hemisphere patients with VFD: 20; left hemisphere patients without VFD: 46; left hemisphere patients with VFD: 25. The test modality did not differentially affect the performance of the groups. Both on the visually and on the tactually guided version of the test the right hemisphere group with VFD did significantly worse not only with respect to controls but also with respect to the three other braindamaged groups. The latter, in turn, were not significantly inferior to patients without cerebral damage. It appears, therefore, that when spatial perception is tested at a very basic and simple level, such as the detection of orientation in space of a rod, there is an almost complete dominance of the posterior region of the so-called minor hemisphere. This result must be contrasted with the less striking asymmetry of functions shown in more complex spatial tasks-for example, route finding, copying drawings, block designs-that are failed also by patients with damage to the left posterior area. Normal subjects reproduced the orientation of the rod on the horizontal plane with a constant error which was found to be dependent on the position of the model. Clockwise deviations were made when the model was on the left and counterclockwise deviations when the model was on the right. The constant error was present in left brain-damaged patients too, while it was not significantly different from zero in right brain-damaged patients. A systematic error was also found on the vertical plane and it consisted in the tendency to stop the rod below the level of the standard.
30名对照组患者和121名脑损伤患者参与了一项测试，这些脑损伤患者的损伤局限于一个半球。测试要求将一根通过铰链关节固定在支架上的杆放置在与模型相同的位置。测试分为两个版本，一个版本借助视觉进行，另一个版本仅通过触摸进行。脑损伤患者被细分为以下几组：无视野缺损（VFD）的右半球患者：30名；有VFD的右半球患者：20名；无VFD的左半球患者：46名；有VFD的左半球患者：25名。测试方式对各组的表现没有差异影响。在视觉引导和触觉引导的测试版本中，有VFD的右半球组不仅相对于对照组表现显著更差，而且相对于其他三组脑损伤组也表现显著更差。而其他三组脑损伤组相对于无脑损伤的患者并无显著劣势。因此，似乎当在非常基础和简单的层面测试空间感知时，比如检测杆在空间中的方向，所谓的较小半球的后部区域几乎完全占主导。这一结果必须与在更复杂的空间任务中表现出的不太明显的功能不对称形成对比，例如路线寻找、临摹图纸、积木设计，左后区域受损的患者在这些任务中也会失败。正常受试者在水平面上重现杆的方向时存在恒定误差，发现该误差取决于模型的位置。当模型在左侧时会出现顺时针偏差，当模型在右侧时会出现逆时针偏差。左脑损伤患者也存在恒定误差，而右脑损伤患者的该误差与零无显著差异。在垂直平面上也发现了系统误差，其表现为倾向于将杆停在标准水平以下。
