Sorrentino F, de Martino A M
Urol Int. 1979;34(6):393-402. doi: 10.1159/000280286.
Urothelial tumours of the upper urinary tract are rare, but their incidence increases in subjects suffering from phenacetin nephropathy, Balkan nephropathy and infected pyelic calculi. In order to act on the urothelium through the urinary way, a cancerigenic substance must (1) be eliminated with the urine; (2) be absorbed by the urothelium; (3) remain in the tissue for a certain length of time. Any situation leading to a prolongation of intra-tissue stasis favours the action of carcerigenic substances. The hypothesis is put forward that interstitial nephritis, by impeding the reabsorption from the pelvis by pyelo-lymphatic reflux and by making more difficult the lymphatic drainage of the pyelic and ureter walls, leads to a condition favouring carcinogensis, especially if the subject is exposed to contact with even not very active carcinogens. It is possible to foresee that in future the incidence of upper urinary tract tumours should increase in chronic uraemic patients under dialytic treatment and in transplant patients.
上尿路尿路上皮肿瘤较为罕见，但在患有非那西丁肾病、巴尔干肾病和感染性肾盂结石的患者中，其发病率会升高。为了通过尿路作用于尿路上皮，致癌物质必须：（1）随尿液排出；（2）被尿路上皮吸收；（3）在组织中停留一定时间。任何导致组织内淤滞延长的情况都有利于致癌物质发挥作用。有人提出这样的假说，即间质性肾炎通过阻碍肾盂淋巴反流从肾盂的重吸收以及使肾盂和输尿管壁的淋巴引流更加困难，导致一种有利于致癌的状况，特别是当个体接触到即使不是非常活跃的致癌物时。可以预见，未来接受透析治疗的慢性尿毒症患者和移植患者中上尿路肿瘤的发病率将会增加。
