Lugwig G, Haselberger J, Münzenmaier R
Urologe A. 1979 Sep;18(5):294-7.
A bilateral testicular torsion war carried out in 65 mature rats. The timing of testicular tissue changes was investigated. A complete human testicular torsion corresponds to a 270 degrees torsion in the rat. The earliest changes were found in the semineferous tubules. Interstitial edema with vasodilatation and hyperemia already occurred one hour following complete torsion. Degenerative changes in the nuclei of the spermatogonia and spermatocytes were found after one hour. After two to four hours necrosis of the epithelium was found. After six hours these changes appeared irreversible. The Leydig cells appear to be damaged 2--3 hours and the Sertoli cells 4--6 hours later than the spermatogenic epithelium. Chronic experiments should be carried out to determine the reversability of these early changes.
对65只成年大鼠进行双侧睾丸扭转实验，研究睾丸组织变化的时间进程。完全性人类睾丸扭转相当于大鼠270度扭转。最早的变化出现在生精小管。完全扭转1小时后即出现间质水肿伴血管扩张和充血。1小时后发现精原细胞和精母细胞核的退行性变化。2至4小时后发现上皮细胞坏死。6小时后这些变化似乎不可逆。间质细胞似乎比生精上皮晚2至3小时受损，支持细胞则晚4至6小时受损。应进行慢性实验以确定这些早期变化的可逆性。
