Rettig G, Doenecke P, Sen S, Volkmer I, Bette L
Am Heart J. 1979 Nov;98(5):587-94. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(79)90284-9.
Out of a series of 1,734 pacemaker patients, the clinical course of 46 patients was reviewed in whom a functionless endocardial electrode was retained. Non-infected electrodes (25 patients) were generally well tolerated without complications, except in one patient who experienced fatal catheter embolism into the pulmonary artery. In cases of infected electrodes (21 patients) a mortality rate of 25% was encountered due to septic complications. Catheter migration was fatal in two out of three patients. It is concluded that entrapped electrode catheters should be removed by thoracotomy if persisting infection is present or if catheter migration has occurred.
在1734例起搏器植入患者中，对46例保留无功能心内膜电极患者的临床病程进行了回顾。未感染电极（25例患者）通常耐受性良好，无并发症，仅有1例患者发生致命的导管栓塞至肺动脉。在感染电极（21例患者）的病例中，由于感染性并发症，死亡率为25%。三分之二的患者因导管移位死亡。得出的结论是，如果存在持续感染或发生导管移位，应通过开胸手术取出留置的电极导管。
