Beierdörffer H, Schirren C
Andrologia. 1979 Jul-Aug;11(4):311-9.
Testicular biopsies were performed in hospital conditions on 451 patients by whom was diagnosed oligozoospermia (56,5%), azoospermia (41,9%), teratozoospermia (1,2%) and aspermia (0,4%). 95,5% of these biopsies were bilateral. Anatomic peculiarities as well as particularities and complications observed during the operations, and lastly postoperative complications were demonstrated in this contingent of patients. In order to obtain this result the clinical documents of the department of andrology of the university hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf were used. Adhesions of the tunical layers of the testis (28,3%), as well as hydroceles (35,7%), and increased vascularisation (20,9%) could be seen in the operation field. We considered as the most frequent intraoperative step a second skin cut (4,6%). In 3,0% of the cases it was not possible to obtain a testicular parenchyma. As complication during the operation the sliding of the epididymis was observed in 4,8%, and bleeding in 2,0% of the cases. The most frequent complication after operation was bleeding in the region of the skin's suture (1,2%). Patients who presented intraoperative complications bleeded most. Orchitis and epididymitis as postoperative complications were not observed. To prevent these complications the testicular biopsies should be done in hospital conditions by well experienced operation teams.
在医院条件下，对451例被诊断为少精子症（56.5%）、无精子症（41.9%）、畸形精子症（1.2%）和无精液症（0.4%）的患者进行了睾丸活检。这些活检中有95.5%是双侧的。在这批患者中展示了手术过程中观察到的解剖学特点、特殊性及并发症，以及术后并发症。为了得出这一结果，使用了汉堡 - 埃彭多夫大学医院男科部门的临床文件。在手术视野中可见睾丸各层的粘连（28.3%）、鞘膜积液（35.7%）以及血管增生（20.9%）。我们认为最常见的术中步骤是二次皮肤切开（4.6%）。在3.0%的病例中无法获取睾丸实质。手术过程中的并发症包括4.8%的病例观察到附睾滑动，2.0%的病例出现出血。术后最常见的并发症是皮肤缝合部位出血（1.2%）。出现术中并发症的患者出血最多。未观察到睾丸炎和附睾炎作为术后并发症。为预防这些并发症，睾丸活检应在医院条件下由经验丰富的手术团队进行。
