Vaz E W
Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1979 Mar;4(1):83-90.
In minor league hockey, rule violation including the illegitimate use of force is institutionalized behaviour. Illegitimate tactics are among the minimal general criteria for the assessment and selection of players. No formal mechanism operates to socialize players to obey normative rules. The "official" control system is ineffective in preventing normative rule violation. However, it regulates the game according to constitutive rules preventing its disorganization, and creates the impression that players actually govern their conduct according to normative rules. An informal control system (combative and aggressive in orientation) legitimizes and regulates the amount and kinds of rule violation occurring, and highlights collective meanings of the occupation. A scheme is presented for reducing institutionalized rule violation. Team success (victory) and rule conformity are considered desirable and are rewarded. What value to assign these two "things" remains problematic. To avoid undermining motivation to win the contest, more value must be assigned team success than rule conformity. The question is how much more.
在小联盟曲棍球运动中，包括非法使用武力在内的违规行为是一种制度化行为。非法战术是评估和选拔球员的最低通用标准之一。没有正式机制促使球员遵守规范规则。“官方”控制系统在防止违反规范规则方面无效。然而，它根据构成性规则来规范比赛，防止比赛混乱，并营造出球员实际上根据规范规则来约束自己行为的印象。一种非正式控制系统（具有好斗和攻击性倾向）使所发生的违规行为的数量和种类合法化并加以规范，并突出了这项职业的集体意义。提出了一个减少制度化违规行为的方案。团队成功（胜利）和遵守规则被视为理想的并会得到奖励。给这两件“事”赋予多大价值仍然存在问题。为避免削弱赢得比赛的动力，必须赋予团队成功比遵守规则更多的价值。问题是要多多少。
