Green M G
Child Dev. 1979 Sep;50(3):666-74.
3 hypotheses were tested concerning the developmental relation between children's concepts of physical uncertainty and their comprehension of a speaker's uncertainty. 2 cognitive tasks of physical uncertainty were used to assign 56 subjects (aged 5-4 to 17-11) to 1 of 3 cognitive stages. 2 tests for comprehension of speaker uncertainty were administered to all participants. The results indicated that cognitive stage was related to (a) comprehension that a speaker could be uncertain, (b) comprehension that uncertainty could be expressed in different degrees or magnitudes, and (c) the internal consistency of judgments made about the relative degree of uncertainty conveyed by an utterance. These findings are interpreted as evidence for the position that development of cognitive stages is structurally related to comprehension of speech act uncertainty.
针对儿童对物理不确定性的概念与他们对说话者不确定性的理解之间的发展关系，测试了3种假设。使用2项物理不确定性认知任务，将56名受试者（年龄在5岁4个月至17岁11个月之间）分配到3个认知阶段中的1个。对所有参与者进行了2项关于理解说话者不确定性的测试。结果表明，认知阶段与以下方面有关：（a）理解说话者可能不确定；（b）理解不确定性可以用不同程度或量级来表达；（c）对一句话所传达的相对不确定程度所做判断的内部一致性。这些发现被解释为支持如下观点的证据：认知阶段的发展在结构上与言语行为不确定性的理解相关。
