Nilsen Elizabeth S, Graham Susan A
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L3G1.
Cogn Psychol. 2009 Mar;58(2):220-49. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.07.002. Epub 2008 Sep 21.
Two experiments investigated children's communicative perspective-taking ability. In Experiment 1, 4- to 5-year-old children were tested on two referential communication tasks, as well as on measures of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Results document children's emergent use of the perspective of their speaking partner to guide their communicative behaviors in both a production and comprehension task. In Experiment 2, 3- to 4-year-old children used a speaker's perspective to guide their interpretation of instructions. In both experiments, egocentric interpretations of speaker requests were negatively correlated with children's inhibitory control skills. Results of these studies demonstrate that young children can differentiate between information that is accessible to the speaker versus privileged knowledge, and use this information to guide their communicative behaviors. Furthermore, the results suggest that children's inhibitory control skills allow them to inhibit their own perspective, enabling them to make use of their communicative partner's perspective.
两项实验研究了儿童的交际视角采择能力。在实验1中，对4至5岁的儿童进行了两项指称性交际任务测试，以及抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性测量。结果表明，在表达和理解任务中，儿童开始运用说话伙伴的视角来指导自己的交际行为。在实验2中，3至4岁的儿童运用说话者的视角来指导对指令的理解。在两项实验中，对说话者请求的自我中心解释都与儿童的抑制控制技能呈负相关。这些研究结果表明，幼儿能够区分说话者可获取的信息与特权知识，并利用这些信息来指导自己的交际行为。此外，结果还表明，儿童的抑制控制技能使他们能够抑制自己的视角，从而能够利用交际伙伴的视角。
