Vandekerckhove J, Weber K
Differentiation. 1979;14(3):123-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1979.tb01021.x.
Complete amino acid sequences for four mammalian muscle actins are reported: bovine skeletal muscle actin, bovine cardiac actin, the major component of bovine aorta actin, and rabbit slow skeletal muscle actin. The number of different actins in a higher mammal for which full amino acid sequences are now available is therefore increased from two to five. Screening of different smooth muscle tissues revealed in addition to the aorta type actin a second smooth muscle actin, which appears very similar if not identical to chicken gizzard actin. Since the sequence of chicken gizzard actin is known, six different actins are presently characterized in a higher mammal. The two smooth muscle actins--bovine aorta actin and chicken gizzard actin--differ by only three amino acid substitutions, all located in the amino-terminal end. In the rest of their sequences both smooth muscle actins share the same four amino acid substitutions, which distinguish them from skeletal muscle actin. Cardiac muscle actin differs from skeletal muscle actin by only four amino acid exchanges. No amino acid substitutions were found when actins from rabbit fast and slow skeletal muscle were compared. In addition we summarize the amino acid substitution patterns of the six different mammalian actins and discuss their tissue specificity. The results show a very close relationship between the four muscle actins in comparison to the nonmuscle actins. The amino substitution patterns indicate that skeletal muscle actin is the highest differentiated actin form, whereas smooth muscle actins show a noticeably cloer relation to nonmuscle actins. By these criteria cardiac muscle actin lies between skeletal muscle actin and smooth muscle actins.
牛骨骼肌肌动蛋白、牛心肌肌动蛋白、牛主动脉肌动蛋白的主要成分以及兔慢骨骼肌肌动蛋白。因此，目前已获得完整氨基酸序列的高等哺乳动物中不同肌动蛋白的数量从两种增加到了五种。对不同平滑肌组织的筛选显示，除了主动脉型肌动蛋白外，还存在第二种平滑肌肌动蛋白，它与鸡胗肌动蛋白即便不完全相同也极为相似。由于鸡胗肌动蛋白的序列已知，目前高等哺乳动物中已鉴定出六种不同的肌动蛋白。两种平滑肌肌动蛋白——牛主动脉肌动蛋白和鸡胗肌动蛋白——仅在三个氨基酸取代上存在差异，且均位于氨基末端。在其余序列中，这两种平滑肌肌动蛋白具有相同的四个氨基酸取代，这使其区别于骨骼肌肌动蛋白。心肌肌动蛋白与骨骼肌肌动蛋白仅在四个氨基酸交换上存在差异。比较兔快、慢骨骼肌的肌动蛋白时未发现氨基酸取代。此外，我们总结了六种不同哺乳动物肌动蛋白的氨基酸取代模式并讨论了它们的组织特异性。结果表明，与非肌肉肌动蛋白相比，四种肌肉肌动蛋白之间关系非常密切。氨基酸取代模式表明，骨骼肌肌动蛋白是分化程度最高的肌动蛋白形式，而平滑肌肌动蛋白与非肌肉肌动蛋白的关系更为明显。根据这些标准，心肌肌动蛋白介于骨骼肌肌动蛋白和平滑肌肌动蛋白之间。
